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The Union Village Shaker settlement was a village organized by Shakers in Turtlecreek Township, Warren County, Ohio. ==Shaker settlement== The Union Village Shaker settlement was a community of Shakers〔Stephen J. Paterwic. ''(Historical Dictionary of the Shakers )''. Scarecrow Press; 11 August 2008. ISBN 978-0-8108-6255-5. p. 18.〕〔(Whitewater Shaker Settlement. ) Shaker Historic Trail. National Park Service. Retrieved March 25, 2014.〕 founded in 1805.〔Stephen J. Paterwic. ''(Historical Dictionary of the Shakers )''. Scarecrow Press; 11 August 2008. ISBN 978-0-8108-6255-5. p. xix.〕 It was the bishopric, or governing unit, from 1805 to 1910 for other Shaker villages, including the Whitewater Shaker Settlement and the Watervliet Shaker Village in Ohio. After 1862, North Union fell under Union Village. After 1889, Union Village oversaw all societies in Kentucky and Ohio.〔 It had once been one of the largest Shaker settlements, but by the 1830s there was a significant reduction in adult members,〔Stephen J. Paterwic. ''(Historical Dictionary of the Shakers )''. Scarecrow Press; 11 August 2008. ISBN 978-0-8108-6255-5. p. xxxix.〕 which was exacerbated in 1838 and 1839 when there was strife among the sect members over ideological differences and accusations during the early years of the Era of Manifestations.〔Stephen J. Paterwic. ''(Historical Dictionary of the Shakers )''. Scarecrow Press; 11 August 2008. ISBN 978-0-8108-6255-5. p. 137.〕 Elder Oliver began publishing spiritual works and poetry about the Shaker sect to attract people to the sect.〔Stephen J. Paterwic. ''(Historical Dictionary of the Shakers )''. Scarecrow Press; 11 August 2008. ISBN 978-0-8108-6255-5. p. 101.〕 By the 1870s the community did not have sufficient "believers" to work to support the village. They became increasingly in debt into the 1880s. About 1882 James Fennessey joined the community and soon implemented a plan to rent out land to farmers to create a revenue stream. In 1892 North Union site was sold for $316,000 which was intended to pay off the debts incurred during the previous two decades. The money was mismanaged, though, by Joseph Slingerland. He spent about $500,000 on property purchases, improvements, and renovations. The Watervliet site was mortgaged to compensate for the expenditures and debt. Fennessey became a trustee and by 1902 had Slingerland removed from the ministry and filed suit against him and an elderess. By 1908 the ministry was free of debts.〔Stephen J. Paterwic. ''(Historical Dictionary of the Shakers )''. Scarecrow Press; 11 August 2008. ISBN 978-0-8108-6255-5. p. 78.〕 In 1898 they attempted to create a settlement in Georgia at White Oak,〔Stephen J. Paterwic. ''(Historical Dictionary of the Shakers )''. Scarecrow Press; 11 August 2008. ISBN 978-0-8108-6255-5. p. xxi.〕 by Elder Oliver who died while on a visit to create momentum for the flagging endeavor. With his death came the end to the creation of the settlement at White Oak.〔 Hundreds joined the Shakers, who believed that Christ had already appeared for the second time in the person of Mother Ann Lee. The "Advents'" impact was greatest on the Shaker villages at Union Village and Whitewater, Ohio, Harvard, Massachusetts, and Canterbury, New Hampshire. Some remained Shakers for the rest of their lives; others left after a short time.〔Stephen J. Paterwic. ''(Historical Dictionary of the Shakers )''. Scarecrow Press; 11 August 2008. ISBN 978-0-8108-6255-5. p. 1.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Union Village Shaker settlement」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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